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Cash-on-Cash Return

The annual cash flow earned on the actual cash invested in a property.

Definition

Cash-on-cash return measures the percentage yield on the actual cash you put into a real estate deal — typically your down payment, closing costs, and any upfront repairs. Unlike cap rate, it accounts for mortgage financing, making it the most useful metric for evaluating leveraged investments. This is the metric most active investors use to compare deals.

Formula

Cash-on-Cash Return = (Annual Cash Flow ÷ Total Cash Invested) × 100

Cash-on-cash return equals annual cash flow divided by total cash invested.

Example

You purchase a $300,000 property with $60,000 down and $5,000 in closing costs ($65,000 cash invested). After all expenses including mortgage, the property generates $5,200 in annual cash flow. Your cash-on-cash return is ($5,200 ÷ $65,000) × 100 = 8%.

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